Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by dark, discolored patches, typically on the face. It is often triggered by sun exposure, hormonal changes, or genetics. There are several effective treatments to manage and reduce melasma:

1. Topical Treatments

• Hydroquinone: A skin-lightening agent that helps reduce dark patches.
• Tretinoin and Corticosteroids: Often combined with hydroquinone for enhanced results.
• Azelaic Acid: Used as an alternative to hydroquinone to lighten skin.
• Kojic Acid: A natural skin lightening agent derived from fungi.

2. Chemical Peels

• Peels with glycolic acid, salicylic acid, or lactic acid help exfoliate the skin and reduce pigmentation.
• Cosmelan Peel: A popular treatment specifically designed for hyperpigmentation, including melasma.

3. Laser Treatments

• Fractional Lasers (e.g., Fraxel): Stimulates collagen production and targets pigmentation.
• Q-switched ND
   
  Laser: Helps to break down melanin and lighten the affected areas.
• Intense Pulsed Light (IPL): Targets pigmentation and can improve skin tone.

4. Microneedling with PRP

• Helps promote skin renewal and can improve melasma by boosting collagen production and reducing pigmentation.